科研動(dòng)態(tài)

近年來(lái)，禽呼腸孤病毒（ARV）在我國(guó)白羽肉雞群中的感染率呈上升趨勢(shì)，流行范圍較廣，給我國(guó)肉雞養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)帶來(lái)了較大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。ARV易變異重組，因此全面了解其分子流行病學(xué)特征具有十分重要的意義。為了解我國(guó)白羽肉雞群中ARV的遺傳變異特點(diǎn)，2020—2021年從山東、河北、福建、安徽、遼寧、江蘇等6個(gè)省份收集疑似ARV感染樣品，采用RT-PCR方法篩選陽(yáng)性樣本，然后對(duì)陽(yáng)性樣本進(jìn)行σC基因（1 088 bp）測(cè)序，根據(jù)測(cè)序結(jié)果分析ARV不同基因型分布規(guī)律及占比。結(jié)果顯示：2020—2021年，從6個(gè)省份中，經(jīng)RT-PCR檢測(cè)，檢出ARV陽(yáng)性樣品157份，總陽(yáng)性檢出率為62.1%，不同省份的陽(yáng)性檢出率為44.4%~77.3%。157份陽(yáng)性樣品可分為6個(gè)基因型，其中基因1型61份（38.85%）、基因2型41份（26.11%）、基因3型15份（9.56%）、基因4型9份（5.73%），基因5型30份（19.11%），基因6型1份（0.64%）；61份基因1型樣品中，38份與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ARV疫苗株（S1133）屬于同一亞分支，另外23份與4599參考株處于單獨(dú)的另一亞分支。結(jié)果表明：我國(guó)肉雞群中存在一定程度的ARV流行；流行的ARV基因型較為復(fù)雜，且存在基因1型變異毒株，當(dāng)前的疫苗株已不能對(duì)其提供足夠的保護(hù)。結(jié)果提示，今后需要進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展ARV感染監(jiān)測(cè)，評(píng)估其流行及變異情況，調(diào)整免疫策略，加快新疫苗等防疫技術(shù)及產(chǎn)品研發(fā)。本研究初步了解了我國(guó)部分省份的ARV分子流行病學(xué)特征，對(duì)我國(guó)ARV感染的防控具有重要意義，也為變異株新型疫苗研發(fā)提供了依據(jù)。

Molecular Epidemiological Investigation on Avian Reovirus in Some Provinces of China from 2020 to 2021

In recent years，avian reovirus（ARV）has been increasingly and widely prevalent in white feather broilers in China，bringing great economic losses to broiler breeding enterprises in China. As ARV is prone to mutation and recombination，it would be of great significance to comprehensively investigate its molecular epidemiological characteristics. In order to investigate the genetic variation characteristics of ARV in white feather broilers in China from 2020 to 2021，253 suspected ARV infected samples were collected from Shandong，Hebei，F(xiàn)ujian，Anhui，Liaoning and Jiangsu provinces to detect positive samples by RT-PCR，followed by σC gene（1 088 bp）sequencing，against which，the distribution and proportion of different ARV genotypes were analyzed. The results showed that 157 positive samples were detected by RT-PCR，with a total positive detection rate of 62.1%，and that in each province was from 44.4% to 77.3%. All the 157 positive samples were divided into 6 genotypes，including 61 genotype 1（38.85%），41 genotype 2（26.11%），15 genotype 3（9.56%），9 genotype 4（5.73%），30 genotype 5（19.11%），and 1 genotype 6（0.64%）；38 out of 61 genotype 1 samples belonged to the same sub-branch as the standard ARV vaccine strain（S1133），and the other 23 fell into a separate sub-branch with 4599 reference strain. In conclusion，ARV was prevalent in broilers in China to certain extent；the prevalent ARV genotypes were complex，and there were genotype 1 variant strains，so sufficient protection could not be provided by current vaccine strains anymore，which indicated that surveillance for ARV infection should be further strengthened，its prevalence and variation should be evaluated，immunization strategies should be adjusted，and research and development of disease prevention technologies and products such as new vaccines should be accelerated. The above study on the molecular epidemiological characteristics of ARV in some provinces of China supported the prevention and control of ARV infection in China，and provided a basis for the research and development of novel vaccines against any variant strains.

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