科研動態(tài)

全球非洲豬瘟疫情形勢十分嚴峻，2019年以來共29個國家/地區(qū)報告了新發(fā)或正在流行的疫情，非洲豬瘟的防控備受全世界關注。為全面了解非洲豬瘟病毒（ASFV）特性，概述了近年來對ASFV病原學特性和流行病學特點的一些新認識：ASFV對外界抵抗力較強，但怕干燥、高溫、強酸和強堿；除家豬、野豬、軟蜱外，蒼蠅也可能扮演著儲存宿主的角色；污染的飼料、飲用水也是ASFV的重要傳染源，其中飲水造成ASFV感染的劑量更低，二者的風險點相差1萬倍，防控時要高度重視飲用水；非洲豬瘟傳播途徑較多，但肉制品、環(huán)境、設備或車輛、人員是傳播的重要風險因素，管理好其流動是防控的關鍵。本文對于識別非洲豬瘟的所有潛在傳染源和傳播途徑，以便采取更有效的防控措施具有參考意義。

Research Progress on Etiology and Epidemiology of African Swine Fever

The emerging or prevalent outbreaks of African swine fever（ASF）have been reported in 29 countries/territories since 2019，its prevention and control has been concerned around the world due to the serious threats. In order to make clear the characteristics of African swine fever virus（ASFV），some new knowledge about the etiology and epidemiology found in recent years was summarized，that was，the virus was with strong resistance to outside conditions，except dryness，high temperature，strong acid and strong alkaline；its reservoir hosts might include flies in addition to domestic pigs，wild boars and soft ticks；the virus might spread via polluted feed and drinking water，especially the latter that needed to be highly concerned due to its risk level which was 10 000 times higher than that of polluted feed；in spite of various transmission pathways，it was the key to manage the movements of meat products，equipment or vehicles and personnel as well as environmental changes that were the major risk factors. As a conclusion，the study might contribute to the implementation of effective prevention and control measures through identifying all potential sources and transmission pathways of ASFV.

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