科研動態(tài)

自2019年12月新型冠狀病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）暴發(fā)以來，世界各國相繼出現(xiàn)了大量新型冠狀病毒（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2）感染病例。SARS-CoV-2對全球公共衛(wèi)生安全造成了巨大威脅。疫情發(fā)生以來，相關(guān)科研人員從SARS-CoV-2的病原學(xué)特點(diǎn)、流行病學(xué)特征、病原學(xué)檢測、治療與愈后癥狀等方面進(jìn)行了研究。本文對上述幾個方面的研究成果進(jìn)行了匯總。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：SARS-CoV-2以其遺傳多樣性和重組頻繁的特點(diǎn)不斷產(chǎn)生變異體，以更大的傳播力感染人群；目前已知的2種傳染途徑為跨物種傳播和人際傳播，其中飛沫傳播和接觸傳播是人際傳播的主要傳播途徑；感染人群遍布各個年齡段，其中患有慢性疾病的老年人更容易發(fā)展成危重病人；臨床檢測時聯(lián)合核酸和抗原抗體檢測，將有助于提高SARS-CoV-2感染的檢出率并排除其他冠狀病毒感染的可能性；目前尚未有治療COVID-19的特效藥物，臨床上廣泛使用廣譜抗病毒藥物或中藥來治療各種癥狀；全球各國正在加緊研發(fā)SARS-CoV-2疫苗，部分疫苗已進(jìn)入臨床試驗(yàn)階段。本文有助于全面了解SARS-CoV-2的研究狀況，也為其后續(xù)研究及防治提供了參考。

Research Progress on SARS-CoV-2

A large number of cases infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2）have appeared in many countries since December 2019 when the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）occurred，which has posed huge threat to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 has been studied by relevant researchers based on its etiology，epidemiological characteristics，etiology detection，therapy and prognosis since the outbreak，and the research results were summarized in this paper as follows：variants had been produced by SARS-CoV-2 due to its genetic diversity and frequent recombination，which had infected an increasing number of people with stronger transmission；two pathways including cross-species and interpersonal transmission had been known at present，in which，the main pathways of interpersonal transmission included droplet and contact transmission；people at all ages might be infected，especially the elderly with chronic diseases were more likely to become critical patients；the detection rate might be improved by the combination of detection of nucleic acid and antigen antibody that could eliminate the possibility of other coronavirus infection；no effective drugs for COVID-19 had been available at present，instead，broad-spectrum antiviral drugs or traditional Chinese medicine were widely used in clinical practice；the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 had been sped up by all countries，and some vaccines had been at clinical trial stage. The status of development of SARS-CoV-2 were summarized in this paper，which also provided some references for future study and control of it.

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