科研動(dòng)態(tài)

2020年2月，我國(guó)香港報(bào)道了新冠肺炎（COVID-19）患者家養(yǎng)的寵物犬感染了新型冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-2），這引起了人們對(duì)犬冠狀病毒的關(guān)注。為有助于人們?nèi)媪私馊跔畈《荆龊萌跔畈《静》乐?，本文從病原學(xué)與流行病學(xué)、臨床癥狀以及診斷和防治措施等方面進(jìn)行了綜述。犬冠狀病毒在犬群中廣泛存在，主要包括α冠狀病毒屬的犬腸炎冠狀病毒和β冠狀病毒屬的犬呼吸道冠狀病毒。犬冠狀病毒致病性不強(qiáng)，引起的臨床癥狀通常較輕，但對(duì)幼犬或與犬細(xì)小病毒、犬瘟熱病毒等發(fā)生混合感染時(shí)，會(huì)引起較嚴(yán)重癥狀，且易發(fā)生突變，產(chǎn)生新的變異毒株，具有致病性增強(qiáng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。目前，犬冠狀病毒檢測(cè)方法主要包括病原學(xué)檢測(cè)、血清學(xué)檢測(cè)以及RT-PCR、qRT-PCR、納米PCR等分子生物學(xué)檢測(cè)。犬冠狀病毒感染的防治主要通過疫苗免疫以及科學(xué)飼養(yǎng)管理、衛(wèi)生消毒和對(duì)癥治療等綜合措施。雖然犬可感染SARS-CoV-2，但尚不清楚感染犬是否可將病毒再傳染給其他動(dòng)物或人類。因此，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)犬冠狀病毒的病原生態(tài)學(xué)研究和監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警。

Research Progress on Canine Coronavirus

In February 2020，it was reported in Hongkong，China，that a pet dog kept by a patient confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）was infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2），which caused the concern about canine coronavirus. In order to fully understand the study on canine coronavirus，prevent and control the disease，the etiology and epidemiology，clinical symptoms，measures of diagnosis and control were summarized in the paper. The canine coronavirus was widely distributed in dog populations，mainly including canine enteritis coronavirus of Alphacoronavirus and canine respiratory coronavirus of Betacoronavirus. The canine coronavirus was with poor pathogenicity，which could cause slightly clinical symptoms，but would be more serious and likely to mutate to new mutant strains when mixed infection of it with canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus occurred，with the risk of increasing pathogenicity. At present，the detection methods for canine coronavirus were mainly including pathogen detection，serological detection，and molecular biological detection methods such as RT-PCR，qRT-PCR and Nano PCR. Canine coronavirus could be controlled by a series of comprehensive measures including vaccination，scientific feeding and management，disinfection and symptomatic treatment，etc. It was still unclear whether the virus could be spread to other animals or human via the infected dogs，although dogs could be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore，it was necessary to strengthen study on pathogenic ecology as well as monitoring and early warning against the virus.

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