科研動(dòng)態(tài)

非洲豬瘟（African swine fever，ASF）已存在約一個(gè)世紀(jì)，給世界養(yǎng)豬業(yè)帶來巨大損失和威脅。為此國(guó)內(nèi)外科學(xué)家一直致力于ASF疫苗研究，從早期的滅活疫苗、弱毒活疫苗到目前的新型疫苗，包括基因缺失減毒活疫苗、亞單位疫苗、病毒活載體疫苗、DNA疫苗、單周期病毒疫苗等。但直到現(xiàn)在，世界上仍未制造出切實(shí)有效并投入生產(chǎn)的ASF疫苗。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：滅活疫苗不具有保護(hù)性或僅具有部分保護(hù)性；亞單位疫苗具有部分保護(hù)性；基因缺失減毒活疫苗被證實(shí)具有同源保護(hù)性，但其安全問題仍未得到解決；病毒活載體疫苗雖會(huì)產(chǎn)生特異性抗體，但仍需要進(jìn)一步研究；DNA疫苗雖然能夠誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生體液免疫和細(xì)胞免疫，但不能提供保護(hù)。目前，一種新型的單周期病毒疫苗正被研究，也為ASF新型疫苗研制提供了新選擇。隨著基因工程技術(shù)與分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展以及對(duì)ASF病毒基因組研究的不斷深入，ASF疫苗有望研制成功。

Research Progress of Novel Vaccines against African Swine Fever Virus

African swine fever virus（ASFV）has remained for about a century，which has brought huge economic losses and threats to the world. Therefore，the study on vaccines against ASFV has been continued by scientists both at home and abroad，from the early inactivated vaccines，attenuated live vaccines to current new vaccines，including gene deletion attenuated live vaccines，subunit vaccines，live vector vaccines，DNA vaccines，single-cycle virus vaccines，etc. But up to now，no effective vaccine had been developed or produced. It was studied that inactivated vaccines were not protective or partially protective；subunit vaccines were partially protective；gene deletion live attenuated vaccines had been proven to be homologous-protective，but their safety had not been solved；although live vector vaccines could produce specific antibodies，further research was still needed；DNA vaccines could induce humoral or cellular immunity，but failed to provide protection. At present，a kind of novel single-cycle virus vaccine was being studied，which also provided a new option for the development of novel vaccines against ASFV. With the continuous development of genetic engineering technology and molecular biology technology as well as the in-depth study on ASFV genome，vaccines against ASF were expected to be successfully developed.

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