Research Progress on the Screening and Expression of Nanobody
Nanobody（Nb），a new antibody found in camel serum，is characterized by small molecular weight，high stability，high affinity，strong tissue permeability，and recognition of antigen gap epitopes，further modification and expression. Nb screening technology includes phage display，yeast double hybridization，mRNA display and high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis，all of which could rapidly screen specific Nb. For the Nb with high affinity，many expression systems could be used to realize an effectively expression. Specifically，prokaryotic expression is mostly used due to its simple operation，mass production and low production cost，but the output of recombinant protein endotoxin should be removed；yeast expression could be used to directly collect purification of medium supernatant，with small content of miscellaneous protein，but excessive glycosylation may be available；host plants could express Nb in large quantity，but the process of gene operation is complicated and it is difficult to isolate and purify Nb；antibody produced by cells of mammals is also usually used，but its production cost is high. No uniform evaluation standard has been developed for all the above methods and expression systems till now. A decision should be made based on laboratory conditions and according to corresponding purpose provided that the structure，function and usage of the object to be screened should be well understood. In the paper，the structure，screening and expression of Nb as well as its application in the prevention and control of animal diseases were discussed，which might technically support the study in related fields.
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