科研動(dòng)態(tài)

為了解湖南省養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)戶牛結(jié)節(jié)性皮膚?。↙SD）防控情況，2021年11—12月以在線問(wèn)卷調(diào)查方式，對(duì)湖南省10個(gè)市州188個(gè)牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)戶的養(yǎng)殖情況、養(yǎng)殖方式以及LSD知曉情況、免疫與治療情況進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。結(jié)果顯示：參與調(diào)查的牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)戶中，存欄小于50頭的占69.68%；27.66%、45.21%的場(chǎng)戶分別采用散養(yǎng)、散養(yǎng)圈養(yǎng)混合飼養(yǎng)方式；6.91%的場(chǎng)戶只進(jìn)行外購(gòu)犢牛育肥，35.11%采用自繁自養(yǎng)聯(lián)合外購(gòu)犢牛育肥。13.92%場(chǎng)戶的外購(gòu)牛群直接與養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)內(nèi)牛群混養(yǎng)，不進(jìn)行隔離；94.68%的場(chǎng)戶知曉LSD，其中89.36%認(rèn)為L(zhǎng)SD可以治療；26.06%的場(chǎng)戶出現(xiàn)過(guò)疑似LSD癥狀；59.57%的場(chǎng)戶進(jìn)行了全群LSD免疫，9.57%進(jìn)行了部分牛群免疫；96.15%的場(chǎng)戶免疫后未再出現(xiàn)疑似癥狀，12.31%免疫后有輕微副反應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明：湖南省牛養(yǎng)殖以小規(guī)模為主，飼養(yǎng)方式較為傳統(tǒng)，存在一定的LSD傳入發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)戶具備一定的防疫意識(shí)，LSD知曉率較高，能夠主動(dòng)采取免疫、隔離、治療等預(yù)防和控制措施，能夠及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)疑似病例，因此總體發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可控。今后需要繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)免疫、調(diào)運(yùn)監(jiān)管和防控宣傳，有效控制該病的傳入和流行。

Questionnaire on the Prevalence and Control of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle Farms in Hunan Province

In order to investigate the prevalence and control of lumpy skin disease（LSD）in Hunan Province，188 cattle farms/households in 10 cities/prefectures in the province were investigated by online questionnaire on their situations and modes of breeding，as well as awareness，vacciantion and treatment against LSD from November to December 2021. The results showed that，in the investigation，small-scale farms/households with an inventory＜50 cattle accounted for 69.68%，those with the modes of free-ranging and mixed free-ranging with captive breeding were 27.66% and 45.21%，respectively，those only fattening purchased calves were 6.91%，and those with self-support in combination with purchasing calves were 35.11%. 13.92% farms/households mixed their original cattle with the purchased ones without any quarantine；94.68% awared of LSD，of which，89.36% agreed LSD could be treated；26.06% occurred suspected LSD symptoms；59.57% implemented vaccination against LSD for all population，9.57% for some population，and after vaccination，96.15% were absent from suspected symptoms，and 12.31% showed mild side effects. In conclusion，small-scale breeding played a main role in the province with relatively traditional mode，which brought a certain risk for spreading LSD. However，a certain awareness of disease control was observed in the farms/households where LSD was well known，so preventive and control measures such as vaccination，quarantine and treatment could be actively taken to find any suspected cases in time. Therefore，the risk of disease occurrence was controllable in general. To this end，it was recommended that supervision for vaccination and transportation should be further strengthened to effectively control any introduction or prevalence of the disease.

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